THE ENVIRONMENTAL HARMS OF GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: AN INTERDISCIPLINARY ASSESSMENT

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have become a dominant driver of global environmental change, contributing significantly to climate warming, biodiversity loss, ocean acidification, and ecosystem degradation. The multifaceted nature of these impacts necessitates an interdisciplinary approach that integrates environmental science, economics, and public policy to comprehensively evaluate their consequences.This study synthesizes empirical data from international institutions including the IPCC, UNEP, and the World Bank to analyze the environmental harms of GHG emissions from 2000 to 2023. The findings reveal strong correlations between rising GHG levels and negative ecological indicators such as increased global temperatures, declining biodiversity, and worsening ocean chemistry. Quantitative analysis shows that per capita emissions are highest in developed regions, while developing countries bear disproportionate burdens from climate impacts. The study further evaluates the effectiveness of mitigation strategies such as the Paris Agreement and national climate policies, identifying significant gaps between stated commitments and actual emission trends. Additionally, the paper highlights regional disparities in adaptation capacity and policy impact, emphasizing the need for tailored interventions.