Publication Ethics

General Principles

The journal is committed to upholding the highest standards of publication ethics and follows the guidelines established by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process — authors, editors, and reviewers — must adhere to these standards.

 

 Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

Originality
Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts are original, unpublished, and not under consideration elsewhere. Any use of others’ work must be fully cited.

 Accurate Reporting
The manuscript must present an accurate account of the research. False or knowingly inaccurate statements are unethical.

Redundant Publication
Publishing the same research in more than one journal without clear justification is unacceptable.

Authorship
Authorship should be limited to those who made significant contributions to the study’s conception, design, execution, or interpretation. All authors must approve the final version and agree with the submission.

Disclosure of Conflicts of Interest
Authors must disclose all financial or other substantive conflicts of interest. All sources of financial support should be made known.

Corrections and Retractions
If authors find significant errors in their published work, they must notify the editors and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.

Use of Personal Data and Images
Publication of personal data or identifiable images requires consent in accordance with relevant data protection regulations.

Ethical Approval for Sensitive Research
Research involving personal data, human subjects, or animals must have appropriate ethical approval from a recognized ethics committee.

 

Ethical Responsibilities of Editors

Editorial Decisions
Editorial decisions are based on the manuscript’s intellectual content, relevance, quality, and ethical compliance, irrespective of author identity or background.

Confidentiality
Editors must safeguard confidentiality at all stages of the review and publication process.

Integrity and Corrections
Editors must maintain the integrity of the research record and publish corrections, retractions, or apologies when necessary.

Conflicts of Interest
Editors with conflicts of interest must withdraw from decision-making on affected manuscripts and seek alternatives within the editorial board.

Publication Misconduct
Editors must investigate all suspected violations, including plagiarism, data fabrication, and other unethical behaviors, and take appropriate action.

Reviewers’ Responsibilities

Fair and Objective Review
Reviewers should provide fair, unbiased, and constructive evaluations, based solely on academic merit.

Confidentiality
Reviewers must treat submitted manuscripts as confidential and not share them or use information for personal gain.

Conflict of Interest
If a reviewer has a conflict of interest, they must decline the assignment.

Reporting Ethical Concerns
Reviewers must alert the editors to any ethical concerns, including possible data fabrication, plagiarism, or incomplete reporting.

Publisher’s Responsibilities

The publisher is obliged to support editors in enforcing ethical policies and to respond appropriately to any confirmed ethical violations, including notifying relevant authorities and COPE where applicable.

Peer Review Policy

The journal uses a double-blind peer review process. Every manuscript is reviewed by at least two independent experts. Reviewers are selected for expertise and impartiality.

Plagiarism Detection

All submissions are screened for plagiarism and similarity using professional detection tools. Manuscripts failing to meet originality standards will be rejected. (StrikePlagiarism.com)

Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

Consistent with COPE guidelines, the journal will issue:

• Corrections (for minor errors)
• Retractions (for flawed or unethical work)
• Expressions of Concern (when investigations are ongoing)

Data Availability

Authors may be asked to provide original data upon request and should retain records for a reasonable period after publication.

Ethical Oversight

Any ethical complaints or appeals should be submitted in writing to the editorial office and must include detailed information about the alleged issue.