THE CONCEPT OF E-COMMERCE, APPLICATION MODELS, AND STRATEGIC IMPORTANCE IN THE CONTEXT OF THE DIGITAL ECONOMY

Abstract

In the modern era, where digital technologies are rapidly developing, electronic commerce (e-commerce) has become one of the most dynamic and strategically important sectors of the global economy. E-commerce enables the fully integrated online execution of trade processes such as selecting, ordering, paying for, and delivering products and services through the internet, mobile applications, social networks, cloud technologies, and other digital platforms. The digitalization of these processes not only fundamentally transforms traditional trade mechanisms but also creates new competitive advantages for businesses and brings about a fundamental shift in consumer purchasing behavior.

According to the OECD definition, e-commerce encompasses only formalized orders conducted through automated systems—such as web forms, Electronic Data Interchange (EDI), application programming interfaces (APIs), and other digital tools. This means that mere inquiries about products or services are not considered e-commerce transactions. In the current environment, where e-commerce models are widely adopted, various formats such as B2B, B2C, C2C, and C2B have emerged, creating an ecosystem integrated with logistics, digital payment systems, courier services, and online marketing algorithms.

Consequently, e-commerce not only represents one of the main directions of the digital economy but also serves as an innovative platform that reshapes the structure of global trade, increases economic efficiency, and enhances consumer satisfaction.